MIE2019 Procedding |
LITERATURE SURVEY ON FACTORS AFFECTING SOLDER PASTE VOLUME DEPOSITED FROM PRINTING PROCESS
Manufacturing industries always giving their concern toward three main aspects, which are the quality, quantity and rework cost. Yield is the key performance index used by industries to indicate product quality. However, there are some processes cause the quality issues to the products in which will reduce the yield. Solder paste printing process is one of the critical problems to the quality issues in which 52% to 71% of the defective products are due to solder paste printing machine. In order to solve the problem, the factors that may affect the solder paste volume deposited on PCB pads have to be identified. Several studies had been made on the possible factors and these factors can be grouped into four categories, which are machine, stencil properties, environment and solder paste. Machine factor is the most favorite study by many researchers because it is controllable and less cost is required to encounter the quality issues.
Paper ID 1 | |
File Size: | 620 kb |
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DISTRIBUTED COOPERATIVE SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL OF 2 ARTICU-LATED ROBOTS FOR INDUSTRY 4.0 APPLICATION
A distributed cooperative synchronization control involving two robotic arms were designed and developed. Two slave robot arms were connected over a network allowing them to exchange control signal and angular position feedback data whilst performing a challenging cooperative task. The master arm unit provides the desired trajectory to which the slave unit will follow. Using the concept of Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL), the cost effective Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller hardware can be utilized within the eco-system of MATLAB® Simulink environment due to the availability of Simulink Support Package for Arduino microcontroller. MATLAB® computation ablity allows matrix multiplication to be performed efficiently. As it is distributed system, 2 Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller board are used as the distinctive ‘brain’ for each respective robotic arm. To achieve excellent synchronization, cooperative phase lead compensated control is used to let the robot arms to move in accurate motion in the same manner between the interaction of master feedback unit and both slave robot arms as the position error is reduced. The controlled system performance was measured by using Integral Absolute Error (IAE) to observe the synchronization accuracy. The outcome of this project was expected to bring an immense impact to beneficial use in production and manufacturing, in particular, in the age of Industrial Revolution 4.0.
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File Size: | 1735 kb |
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COMPACT SIZE PORTABLE 3D PRINTER AND CLOSED LOOP MOTION CONTROL FOR LAYER SHIFTING COMPENSATION
3D printing technology has become accessible to community changing from extensive industrial machine to cheap DIY 3D printer. The common printing technology, Fused Deposit Modeling (FDM) enables construction of many open design of FDM printer thanks to RepRap project. However, most of the designs are solid rigid body which are immobile. This inspires the construction of portable 3D printer in a fold-up suitcase structure that eases transportation and storage. The project used 2020 aluminum extrusion as the primary framing material, together with sub-assemblies consist of mechanical parts, electronic components, and 3D printed parts. The folding mechanism was designed and tested using CAD program Solidworks and the components were assembled together to form the finished unit. This project also proposed a closed loop system in stepper motion of Cartesian FDM printer on X-Y axes gantry with the position feedback of print head and print bed from linear encoder at each axis. It is believed to be able to compensate for layer shifting problem during printing operation. An external motor controller made up of Arduino microcontroller is implemented on both X and Y axis aims to detect error and rectify the motion of print head during printing process.
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File Size: | 1370 kb |
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IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCT EFFICIENCY FOR KAMPUNG FRIED RICE PRODUCT
Efficiency is important to production process which must be managed to take the lowest production time and the most rewarding. The aim of this research is to analyze the production capacity, bottlenecks and wastes in the production process. Finding solutions of problems which effect to decrease cycle time and increased production capacity. From the survey case study company found that production capacity problems, lower than the demand of customers in the market. The cycle time is higher than the demand rate of customers and also has unnecessary activities in the production process. The way for improvement start with calculate capacity of every step in the process to find the bottleneck, Finding cycle time compared with demand rate at the bottleneck, Using Flow Process Chat to analyze 7 wastes and improve working methods that unnecessary. Then reduce and eliminate non-value activities by using 5W1H and ECRS techniques. The result of improvement, cycle time decreased 54.2%, effect to cycle time in preparation process lower than the customer demand rate. The production capacity of the frozen Kampong fried rice increased 40%. As the result, total improvements make profit for company 147,456 ringgit per year.
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File Size: | 394 kb |
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APPLICATION OF SIX SIGMA TECHNIQUE FOR REDUCING PERCENTAGE OF INTERNAL REWORK (IR) IN SMOKED CHICKEN FRANKFURTER PROCESSING
Six sigma technique consisting of five phase i.e. define, measure, analyze, improve and control was applied in smoked chicken frankfurter processing of the case study factory to reduce the IR. Result from preliminary data shown that the main problem affecting the organization’s business goal and customer demand is non-internal rework products. The amount each month of IR was 3.4% of total smoked chicken frankfurter products, which was higher than the target (3.0%). The most of internal rework is over length sausages. After analysis on the processing and cause of over length sausages IR come from after cooking then using process mapping (KPIVs), pareto diagram and FMEA technique. There were 18 factors affected such internal reworks. Those factors could be classified into 2 groups i.e. group-1 which are factors that can be readily improved 14 factors and group- 2 which are factors that need to be tested for statistical significant consist of 4 factors. It was then considered based on technical feasibility and investment to select only factors from over length sausages IR, in group-2 there was 1 factor i.e. changing a new casing. The result from improve phase of those factors were used to control and operating condition such as daily inspection, preventive maintenance after finish production, changing a new casing which is suitable for cooking process as well as proper setting before starting the production. It was found that, the quantity of over length sausages IR reduced from 3.4% to 1.8% of total smoked chicken frankfurter products.
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File Size: | 484 kb |
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INVESTIGATION OF PROPERTIES OF ALUMINA BASED CUTTING TOOL UNDER DIFFERENT SINTERING TEMPERATURE AND SOAKING TIME
This study focused on the development of ceramic cutting tool based on the alumina powder that processed by powder metallurgy. The prosess started with preparation of powders of spray dried alumina that poured in a mould. Hydraulic hand press was utilised to press the sample in the form of round and trapezium inserts before compressed inside Cold Isostatic Press to produce the green body. The ceramic compacts were sintered at varied temperature from 1200°C to 1400°C with soaking time varied form 5 to 9 hours. The mechanical properties of alumina based cutting tools such as shrinkage size,hardness, density and microstructure were analysed. The results show that the density and hardness generally increased as the sintering temperature and soaking time increased. Maximum sintering temperature of 1400°C and 9 hours soaking time demonstrated capability to be applied as a domain sintering parameter for high performance cutting tool. In terms of microstructure, sintering temperature below 1300°C and 6 hours soaking time demonstrated insignificant characteristic to present particles packing. Thus, resulting lower density and hardness. Outcome from this study will be used to propose some improve or refinement for the cutting tool development in the future.
Paper ID 9 | |
File Size: | 1187 kb |
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MOBILE PHONE SIGNAL JAMMER
A mobile phone which is also known as a cellular phone, cell phone which is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio. Cell phones are everywhere these days. It is a very significant device because it is to be able to call anyone at anytime. Unfortunately, examination halls, movie theaters, mosques and hospitals all suffer from the spread of cell phones disturbances because not all cell-phone users know when to stop talking. On behalf of this problem a signal jammer is used to disrupt a mobile phone communication in selected areas. A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas, or cells. As a cell-phone user drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower a jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station in the tower. Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the same frequency and at a high enough power that the two signals collide and cancel each other out.
Paper ID 11 | |
File Size: | 800 kb |
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED ACRYLONITRILE BUTADIENE STYRENE WASTE FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
This paper investigates the recycling of 100% ABS and compare the mechanical properties with the standard ABS specimen in X, Y and Z orientation. In addition, investigation on the tensile properties and the surface quality was also done. The recycling process begins with re-granule the waste ABS material and produces it into a new filament. The new recycled filament was used to print the test specimen. The optimum parameters related to the production of the FDM filament was investigated which include the size of recycled ABS pellet, filament diameter and extrusion temperature. The result shows that the recycled ABS can be produced into filament with 335℃ of extrusion temperature and 1.5cm/s travel speed of the extruder conveyor. For the surface quality, the value of surface roughness of recycled filament is 0.453μm which is 6.94% higher than the standard ABS specimen. For ultimate tensile strength, there is only a small difference in X and Y orientation between the standard ABS and the recycled ABS samples which are 22.93% and 19.98% respectively. On the other hand, in Z orientation there is large difference that the UTS of recycled ABS is 52.33% lower than the standard ABS.
Paper ID 13 | |
File Size: | 512 kb |
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FUNCTIONALITY AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT ON CONDUCTIVE INK FOR WEARABLE APPLICATIONS
This paper represents the functionality and reliability assessment on conductive ink for wearable applications. Basically, the assessment on conductive ink is very new around the world. There is too little open literature discusses on this particular area. Therefore, this project is a very interesting area to be further discussed. In addition, electronics components are continued to be developed with smaller size, smarter and powerful due to functionality and computationally. According to this opportunity and challenges, it can arise and that push the creativity of researchers to provide very small but powerful electronics products with desirable functionality in a convenient package. The wearable electronics basically have been developed but it is still fail to capture and counter the widespread of usage because it is physically grid, bulky and also lack of computational and functional capabilities. Because of that, this project namely as mechanical and electrical comprehensive assessment on conductive ink are developed to counter measure all the problems stated and finally, one comprehensive conclusion can be make on mechanical and electrical capabilities of conductive ink.
Paper ID 14 | |
File Size: | 850 kb |
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PID TUNING METHODS OF BRUSHED DC MOTOR FOR CART FOLLOWER
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) tuning methods are simple and can be used for motor velocity control. The velocity control criteria of the cart follower are important since the safety and performance issues appear as the main objective for the cart follower in this paper. The plant transfer function is modeled using System Identification Method in MATLAB and the PID controller of the cart follower is tuned by the “Control System Designer toolbox” in MATLAB. The PID tuning methods used in this paper are Ziegler-Nichols (ZN), Chien-Hrones-Reswick (CHR), Skogestad Internal Model Control (SIMC) and Approximate M - constrained Integral Gain Optimization (AMIGO) tuning methods. These PID tuning methods have been simulated and the rise time, overshoot, settling time and steady-state error are determined for performance comparison. Since the derivative term sensitives to noise in practical, the PID tuning methods are implemented into the cart follower and compared with the Proportional Integral (PI) tuning methods. For the overshoot performance accuracy, the percentage of error determined from the AMIGO and SIMC PID tuning methods are 108.5% and 265% respectively which are larger deviation compared to PI tuning methods.
Paper ID 15 | |
File Size: | 909 kb |
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EMBEDDED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR CART FOLLOWER NAVIGATION
Wheelchair users usually face the problem of carrying luggage along when traveling. This problem can be solved by an artificial intelligence (AI) cart follower where the cart carries the luggage for user. The colour code (CC) is placed behind the wheelchair to enable the tracking with Pixy CMUcam5. The tracked object is interpreted from the image received by the sensor. The data translation process is done through artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN created is able to predict the relative position of the wheelchair through regression method. However, to enable the training process, the image data needs to be collected with its known relative position distance and angle. The training process is repeated with training algorithm in MATLAB to analyze the optimum parameters, number of neurons and activation function required to generate weights and biases with mean squared error (MSE). The result shows that satlin activation function suits the best to the data provided with least MSE value at 0.2420. The final error simulation test shows that the larger the distance from the object, the higher the error would be.
Paper ID 17 | |
File Size: | 786 kb |
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PRE-DISPERSING PROCESS USING THE COMBINATION OF MAGNETIC STIRRING AND ULTRA-SONICATION TECHNIQUE: THE EFFECTS ON STRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE ORGANICALLY MODIFIED MONTMORILLONITE
Organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) can be effective nanofiller in enhancing the performance of the polymer nanocomposite if their nanoplatelets are well dispersed throughout the matrix. In this research, pre-dispersing process of the O-MMT was done to obtain more loosely packed and readily dispersed platelets, prior to melt compounding process with the polymeric matrix. The ‘pre-dispersed O-MMT’ could allow greater polymer chain intercalation in between the loosely packed platelets, thereby improving its level of dispersion inside the polymer matrix. Well-dispersed O-MMT platelets were targeted in order to optimize the properties of the resultant polymer nanocomposite. In this work, the pre-dispersing process was done through the combination of magnetic stirring and ultra-sonication technique. The effects of dispersant concentration on the structure and morphology of the pre-dispersed O-MMT were studied. Among all the pre-dispersed O-MMTs, the one prepared using the H2O/O-MMT ratio of 1:1 had the best exfoliation characteristic. BET and FeSEM analyses suggested that disorientation and misalignment of platelets occurred, forming ‘house of card’ structure. More porous and loosely packed platelets were obtained. This particular morphology benefits in facilitating the intercalation of polymer chains in between the O-MMT platelets and improving the O-MMT dispersion during the compounding process with the polymer resin.
Paper ID 18 | |
File Size: | 903 kb |
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ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BEHAVIOR VIA KNOCKING CONDITION
Engine knocking condition is well-recognized phenomenon in an internal combustion engine. These phenomenon contribute to less fuel efficient system and causing damage to engine components and affect the engine behaviour. In this paper, the study of crank position sensor (CPS) and microcontroller response are carried out thru the knocking and firing phenomenon and analysed the engine performance after the modification. The study uses a single cylinder four stroke engine equipped with carburetor system. Arduino controller is design to initiate spark plug ignition timing for the system. The signals are recorded by Instrustar DAQ. It is to analyse and compare with previous research.
Paper ID 19 | |
File Size: | 1016 kb |
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THE EFFECT OF BENTONITE ON THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE BASED COMPOSITE
The effect of bentonite on thermo-physical properties of waste based composite were investigated. The cystallization behavior of this composite in the presence of Bentonite as filler was studied. This composites were prepared using combination of soda-lime glass (SLG) and borosilicate glass (BSG) powders with spent bleaching earth (SBE). The weight percent ratio for SLG and BSG have been fixed to 65% for the combinations of both glasses with particle size of approximately 45μm. These glass composites were formed using uniaxial dry pressing and sintered at 750°C and 850°C with the heating rate of 2°C/minute.The glass composite were analyzed in terms of its physical properties and crystalline phases presents in the sintered composite were identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and relate with microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed from XRD studies that quartz initially precipitated and loading SBE increased to 25%wt, phases coesite, cristobolite and carnegeite were precipitated. The effect of bentonite on the density and hardness of these composite were characterized by Vicker’s and the results revealed a significant increase in density and hardness of the fully crystallised system. SEM observation revealed that exceeding 10% of bentonite led to major presence of pores.
Paper ID 20 | |
File Size: | 823 kb |
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DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE CONTROL ROBOT CAR USING INFRARED SENSOR AND PWM
In today's modern world, an autonomous driving system is capability of a vehicle or a robot moving without control with a promising technological concept. However, at the same time, manual control system are still playing a significant role in robotic field. The final goal of the project is to create a robot car system that utilizes both manual and auto control through usage of the infrared (IR) sensor. The infrared sensors enable robot to be control through manually or through obstacle while making the project low-cost and affordable. This technical report demonstrates the development of prototype of the IR sensor controlled robot car. The main objective of this design is to focus on versatility, durability, simplicity and improvised operations.
Paper ID 21 | |
File Size: | 1061 kb |
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PROTOTYPE OF WATER DAM SYSTEM BY USING FPGA PLATFORM
A water dam system is a promising system which uses the aid of sensor to detect the real time depth of stream by measuring the height of the buoyant floating on the water. The goal of this project is to design a robotic water dam system which can raise its floodgate or gate after receiving the commands from user. It is designed to detect the water level and notify the user immediately with the aid of notification system hence user could command to raise or close the floodgate. The research paper demonstrates a prototype of a working and operational water dam system.
Paper ID 22 | |
File Size: | 1266 kb |
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INTEGER KARHUNEN–LOÈVE TRANFORM ON BEAGLEBONE-BLACK BOARD FOR LOSSLESS HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE COMPRESSION
The research in this paper concerned with the Lossless hyperspectral image compression for satellite imagery using Integer Karhunen–Loève Tranform (KLT) on embedded system BeagleBone Black Board. The Integer KLT is selected as the transform for compression due to it showing superior performance in decorrelating the spectral component in hyperspectral images compared to other algorithms. The objective of this research is to develop an Integer KLT algorithm to implement it into the embedded system BeagleBone Black board. Clustering technique is used to reduce the computational complexity of the image. The performance of the algorithm on the board in terms of execution time is investigated. The implementation of Integer KLT algorithm is executed into BeagleBone Black board and Eclipse software is used to develop the algorithm before executing the algorithm into BeagleBone Black board for testing the performance, profiling the execution time and comparing it with other embedded platforms which is a low-power DSP platform. Clustering technique proves to reduce the complexity of algorithm, which fastens the execution time of compression while beaglebone-black implementation shows a faster execution time compared to low-power DSP platform.
Paper ID 23 | |
File Size: | 833 kb |
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CCSDS-MHC ON BEAGLEBONE-BLACK BOARD FOR LOSSLESS HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE COMPRESSION
This project is to achieve a lossless hyperspectral image compression of satellite imagery by implementation of Consultative Committee on Space Data Systems (CCSDS) algorithm named CCSDS Lossless Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Compression (CCSDS-MHC) on Beaglebone-Black board (BB-Black). Hyperspectral image refers to the image which is represented by more than hundred number of narrow and contiguous spectral bands. In our case it is 224 and 196 spectral bands for AVIRIS and Hyperion respectively. Image compression applied to reduce storage requirements and improve transfer speed over the standard connection. Because of the large number of bands, the on-board memory required is huge. Lossless compressor that exploits inter band correlations is desired. A BeagleBone-Black board is used to implements and optimizes the CCSDS Lossless Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Compression (CCSDS-MHC) algorithm. As for the result, the ratio for Beaglebone-Black board execution time compared to Desktop is in the range of 10 to 25 times longer. The losslessness is verified by referring to the Desktop program. The compression ratio is in the range of 2.0 to 5.0.
Paper ID 24 | |
File Size: | 466 kb |
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AN IMPROVED PCA METHOD WITH DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM (DCT) FOR PEAK-TO-AVERAGE POWER RATIO (PAPR) REDUCTION
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is the recognized signal modulator parameter has been widely applied at wideband communication and Digital Signal Processing. 4G mobile communications and Wireless networks have been accounted for the nobility of OFDM. This due to some advantages of OFDM for instance, high spectral efficiency, high transmission bit rate and immunity against multipath fading which leads to the heavy application of OFDM in our appliances nowadays. However, high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value is still the agenda which being looked into by a lots of researchers who are specialize in OFDM. This is because high value of PAPR restrict the achievement of signal transmission. This paper discusses the improved method of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to bring down PAPR values of OFDM system. The proposed ideas involves Discrete Cosine Transform replaces the Fast Fourier Transform in the OFDM signal modulation technique by utilizing the modulation scheme of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). This proposed methods able to provide better performance in PAPR reduction. The proposed method of PCA with DCT with the 1024 numbers of subcarriers improves the greatest performance by 5.72%.
Paper ID 25 | |
File Size: | 669 kb |
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A NOVEL WEIGHTED SINE ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZING PID CONTROLLER ON DC MOTORS
The Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controller is a commonly used method in a feedback system to improve the performance of the system. It has three parameters namely the Kp, Ki and Kd. Each parameter can be tuned to improve certain performance of the system. However, it is not an easy task to determine the best PID’s gains for each system. In this work, the Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is used to run on two different systems and compared its performance with the proposed modified version, the Weighted Sine Algorithm (WSA). These schemes are evaluated on the cost value and the computing time. An objective function is used to determine the cost performance of each algorithms. The result of the simulations showed that the WSA outperform SCA in term of cost.
Paper ID 26 | |
File Size: | 841 kb |
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COMPARATIVE STUDY IN OPTIMISING PID CONTROLLER USING BEES ALGORITHM AND FIREFLY ALGORITHM
The robustness, efficiency and effectiveness of Bees Algorithm and Firefly Algorithm were compared by analyzing the minimization of the objective function and the step responses of the closed-loop systems with Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controller. An objective function comprises peak overshoot, Mp, steady-state error, ess, rise time, Tr and settling time, Ts compares acceptable solutions and selects the best one with respect to an optimized design. The parameters of PID controller i.e. Kp, Ki and Kd must be properly selected as the selection affects the transient response of a system. The best combination of parameters reduces problems such as nonlinearities encountered by industrial plants. Therefore, PID parameters were determined by analyzing the average and standard deviation of cost returned by the cost function. After analyzing the minimization of cost function and the dynamic performance specifications of the closed-loop systems, both algorithms had good performance in general. Nevertheless, Firefly Algorithm outperformed Bees Algorithm in terms of fast convergence rate. The good performance of Firefly Algorithm reflected on the importance of its parameters; brightness, β, and attractiveness, I which dictated the search for the best solutions in a short time.
Paper ID 27 | |
File Size: | 602 kb |
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON OPTIMIZING PID CONTROLLER USING GREY WOLF OPTIMIZER AND DRAGONFLY ALGORITHM ON DC MOTORS
Optimization is a method to find a balance performance when the design must compromise between a certain factor, which affects fitness and cost. In engineering field, one of the common optimization problems is optimization of PID controller. Optimization is difficult to optimize as there are three parameters that are needed to be tuned, Kp, Integral parameter, Ki, and derivative parameter, Kd. In this work, swarming intelligence is used to solve optimization problem. Grey Wolf Optimizer and Dragonfly Algorithm were chosen. Three plant system were used in this study. First system is based on the ball and hoop system and second system is based on the DC servo motor. Last system is based on the brushed DC motor. Objective function in this research, cost function was chosen. The criteria of the cost function are low peak overshoot, Mp, low steady-state error, ess, low settling time, Ts, and low rise time, Tr. However, to fully utilize the algorithm, the parameter of the algorithm needs to be set properly. In this case, the right number of the search agents for both algorithms. The stopping criteria also need to be identified. In this study, maximum number of iterations is the stopping criteria. The expected result is the algorithms can optimize the PID controller. However, the performance of system is expected to be different from different algorithm.
Paper ID 28 | |
File Size: | 874 kb |
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SWARM ROBOTICS: DECENTRALIZED PATH FORMATION USING B.A.T.M.A.N. APPROACH
This article presents a swarm robotic algorithm that enables to move an object in one target location to another location by following shortest possible route found. The algorithm is inspired by neighboring node existence identification concept used by Better Approach To Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (B.A.T.M.A.N.) protocol and foraging behavior of ants. The algorithm consists of two distinct set of robots. Nodes are path formation robots between food location and nest location. Worker robots move foods from food location to nest location by following the path formed by nodes. The algorithm is modelled on Net Logo agent-based modelling environment and measured the performance of the algorithm. Performance analysis shows that path completion by node robots, and food collected, and food returned by workers robots also improved its performance with large robot group sizes in worlds with and without obstacles. Additionally, it has been observed that increasing node switching probability (probability of leaving path formed from food location or nest location before joining both to form a single paths) is not desirable as it decreases the path forming capability of the node robots.
Paper ID 29 | |
File Size: | 753 kb |
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2-D SWARM MEERKATS BEHAVIOR MODELLING
The foraging behavior of Meerkat is studied and the parameters for simulation of Meerkats foraging behavior is designed. The designed parameters including the number of agents, number of groups, range of perception and number of foods. However, there are not much works done on Meerkats therefore, survey form is used in designing these 14 sets of parameters. Only the choices that have higher percentage is focused in designing the 14 sets of parameters for simulation. The performance of each 14 sets of simulation are compared based on the result obtained from the simulations such as the highest mean quality of food can be achieved, and the time required to reach the highest mean quality of food. The higher the mean quality the better the performance. The smaller the number of ticks required to reach the highest mean quality the better the performance.
Paper ID 30 | |
File Size: | 697 kb |
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ELECTRONIC MAILBOX DESIGNED WITH FPGA PLATFORM
An electronic mailbox is a device proposed to detect letter delivered by postman when the mailbox is opened or closed to notify the user for their new mail. The goal of this project is to make a mailbox model that can calculate the amount of mailbox opened by postman and lights up the yellow or red LED and buzz the buzzer to indicate an existing mail inside the mailbox. It is design to demonstrate the feasibility of using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to implement custom hardware functionality. The present hardware consists of an infrared sensor (IR), a buzzer, seven segment display, FPGA and pushbuttons. This research paper demonstrates our proposed ideas, describes the design of a smart mailbox, the prototype, and the current results of work.
Paper ID 31 | |
File Size: | 736 kb |
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PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR USING EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Parameter estimation of any physical system is essential in order to simplify the process of designing the controllers and analyzing the system’s erformance. In many cases, the estimation through an experimental approach is more favorable since the parameters are obtained using the real-world-conditions setup. This is important to validate the result obtained using simulation to ensure the parameter variations is kept within the acceptance limit. Even if there is a variation, one can simply identify the source of the discrepancies. However, without the experimental approach, the outcome from simulation could potentially lead the result to the wrong path, since it only consider the ideal condition and ignores the setup error as well as product variations. Hence, in this paper, it is proposed that, the parameter estimation of BLDC motor is not only obtained experimental method but also compare using simulation and CAD approaches. Such parameters are line-to-line resistance (Rl-l)), line-to-line inductance (Ll-l), line-toline back EMF constant (Ke), torque constant (KT), viscous friction coefficient ,B and rotor’s moment of inertia J. In the experiment the value of J and B are filtered using Least Square
Method (LSM) and compute the transfer function of the BLDC motor. Finally, the result in a form of transfer function is compared against the simulation and CAD methods and found to be comparable.
Method (LSM) and compute the transfer function of the BLDC motor. Finally, the result in a form of transfer function is compared against the simulation and CAD methods and found to be comparable.
Paper ID 32 | |
File Size: | 2433 kb |
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ANALYSIS STUDY OF LIFT FORCE GENERATION USING SEMI-RIGID FLAPPING WING
A wing flapping mechanism with span variation analogous to eagle wing was developed in this project. The flapping motion which imposes the required kinematics was designed according to the bird flapping mechanism with the corresponding motor driven/gearbox mechanism and visualized using CAD software. The rotary motion of the motor is converted to linear motion by driving linkage to provide a continuous bird-like wing flapping motion. The 1 Degree Of Freedom (DOF) flapping wing structure, which flap about the spar joint was further developed and fabricated into prototype with appropriate materials. Based on the model, the lift characteristics of flapping flight were investigated at various angles of attack, wind tunnel speeds and flapping frequencies with the aids of wing tunnel. The model was tested at the range of 0 o to 15 o of angle of attack (AOA), wind speed at 8.5 m/s and frequency of 3.185Hz. Lift characteristic of the flapping wing responding proportional to angle of attack and wind speed and flapping frequency are presented.
Paper ID 33 | |
File Size: | 751 kb |
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SMART DOOR SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION BY USING FPGAs
The project is to develop a system focusing on the robotic philosophy to be implemented by using Quartus II software and Altera DE2-115 FPGA board. The project is designing in a way that an automated door system will open when people is approaching the door from either side and close when there are nobody around automatically. The door users are detected by using IR sensors, then the inputs are interpreted by digital circuit in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board which has been designed using Quartus II software and the door is operated by using stepper motor. D flip flops and some logic gates are included to generate clock pulses which will activate the stepper motor to move 90° whenever the sensors are triggered or not triggered. A bidirectional shift register is used to control the direction of rotation of motor which is clockwise 90° or anti-clockwise 90°.
Paper ID 34 | |
File Size: | 1125 kb |
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CONSTRUCTING FIRE ALARM SYSTEM BY USING ALTERA DE2-115 FPGA
The project is carried out to design a circuit to detect the presence of fire by monitoring the atmospheric changes. The goal of this project is to notify occupants to evacuate in the event of fire. In the experiments, the responses of the two detectors, act as control panels of this system, were measured when exposed to high temperature and light. The circuit produced in the project used the principled of analog circuit and digital circuit, which is mod 6 synchronous up counter, while the hardware implementation in this project are the integrated circuit, Field- Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), LM35 as temperature sensor, and Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) as light sensor. The result from this project is useful to be implemented at home and industrial as it act as catalyst in saving lives and injuries, furthermore to avoid losses and death.
Paper ID 35 | |
File Size: | 1095 kb |
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DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM USING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY AND LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
The natural resources of the Earth such as oil and ores are being harvested over the decades. Soon, these resources will reach it’s limit and fully run out. Thus, an alternative energy must be found to overcome the lack of resources. Solar energy had been used as a renewable energy as it can be obtained easily and brought a lot of benefits. The main purpose of this project is to present the development of an automated solar tracking system whereby the system allows solar panel to keep perpendicular with the sunlight to maximize the harvesting of solar power. The system is fully automated, when the light intensity decreases, the system will turn the solar panel to obtain maximum intensity of sunlight. LDR or light dependent resistor is used as a light sensor, two stepper motors are used to rotate the solar panel in 2 axes while the microcontroller used is Altera DE2-115 Development and Education Board, a type of field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This project is designed for residential usage applications.
Paper ID 36 | |
File Size: | 935 kb |
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AUTOMATED LAUNDRY DRYING SYSTEM
A new era of intelligent systems is fast-approaching, and many industries are focusing in developing automated appliances to make household lives easier. One such simple example is laundry. Hence, this project aims to develop an automated system that can sense the change in weather and reposition the laundry accordingly. Without needing any manual controls or instructions from user, the system is able to operate by itself, hence the keyword ‘automated’. The system is designed by understanding the conditions that affect the output, and a prototype is built to demonstrate how the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) can play a huge role in this system, coupled with three different sensors to make the laundry work. The objective of this project is to be able to develop and provide a sustainable appliance that can help to benefit the community. This reliable automated system will help household members in handling laundry perfectly without worrying about retrieving them in a hurry every time the weather turns undesirable.
Paper ID 37 | |
File Size: | 1096 kb |
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DEVELOPMENT OF WATERING SYSTEM BY USING FPGA PLATFORM
The FPGA based watering system by our team is an autonomous watering system. The purposes of our watering system are to ensure the crops will have enough water, to reduce the user’s job and reduce the waste of water. Our system measures the moisture of the soil by using sensor and it act as the input of our system, and the stepper motor will turn the faucet on or off. The control signals to the motors are provided by FPGA board through its GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins depending on the input. The digital circuit is designed using Altera Quartus II design software and the FPGA (Field Programmable Logic Array) board used is Altera DE2-115. The circuit contains 5 systems which are sensor signal system, frequency divider system, clock pulse generation system, direction selection system and 7-segment display system. The sensor signal gives the input signal. The frequency divider system divides the high frequency while the clock pulse generation system generates clock pulse desired. The direction selection system allows the motor to rotate in either clockwise or anticlockwise direction. Lastly, the 7-segment display system shows the condition of the faucet. The concepts involved in this project are bidirectional shift register, synchronous up down counter, logic gates and flip flops.
Paper ID 38 | |
File Size: | 1128 kb |
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DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT SEEKING ROBOT CAR USING LDR
Nowadays, the development of robot car has become very common and advance in this era. The development of robot car is to help people to solve their daily problems. Thus, light seeking robot car is introduced in this project. A light seeking robot car is a car which move corresponds to the light intensity. The light seeking robot car will move towards the direction of light. Light Dependent Resistor(LDR) is used with another resistor to create a light sensor circuit. This circuit will help to detect light and transmit signal to the car system. FPGA board is used to design the digital circuits of the system. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is also used to control the speed of the car. To produce PWM signal, an irregular synchronous counter is designed and used with 4-to-1 multiplexer. This report demonstrates a model car which runs according to the light intensity and the direction of the light. The car is tested using a torchlight to test the sensitivity of the light sensors. Simulation of the system has been made by using Quartus II. Oscilloscope is used to measure the PWM signal. The car is developed and will be used in many applications.
Paper ID 39 | |
File Size: | 1280 kb |
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MOTION FOLLOWING SMART FAN USING INFRARED SENSOR
With the continuity of home automation, the project is to design an automatic fan system which will track the person in the living room or hall by using infrared sensor with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) board as a platform . The main components were used dc motor, stepper motor, and IR sensors. The dc motor used to apply the rotation of propeller of the fan. The IR sensor is used to sense a human in the surrounding of the fan. The mechanism is focusing on the object detection that is when an objects or person be in front of it, the fan will be on. The stepper motor is used to control the direction of airflow. The stepper motor will rotate the upper body of fan to the left or to the right depends on the position of the human that is sensed by the IR sensor.
Paper ID 40 | |
File Size: | 1051 kb |
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HOME LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH OCCUPANTS COUNTING AND ALARM
Energy consumption and home security has become major concern around the world. Smart home technologies are proposed to overcome the problem. FPGA based smart home lighting system with occupants counting and alarm is developed. Altera DE2 development board, PIR sensor modules and LDR are the main components. Controlled delay is achieved using frequency divider and up-counter. Two PIR sensors are used to detect walking direction for occupant counting. While LDR sensing light with voltage divider topology, alarm is triggered by motion detected. Limitation of PIR sensors used causes possible occupant counting errors. Future work emphasizing on extra accessibility is needed.
Paper ID 41 | |
File Size: | 987 kb |
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A STUDY OF GAUGE REPEATABILITY AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE BACKEND SEMICONDUCTOR LEAD INSPECTION SYSTEM
Vision inspection systems in semiconductor industries play a major role in the productivity and the quality of the product due to its precise, micro-size and repeating tasks. This is inline with the industrial revolution 4.0 that almost every industry is talking about. It is not about to replace the human operator totally, but rather to design a system or equipment where its performance has less dependent on the operator skills. One of the methods to measure the
performance of the equipment is through the gauge repeatability and reproducibily (GR&R). This study focuses on the back-end process in integrated chip (IC) semiconductor industry that involves lead and marking inspection of the chip using our inhouse developed vision system. The inspection is performed after the unit has passed the functionality test. The inspection parameters include marking defects, package defects and lead defects. Out of these three defects, we focused on the lead length defect in which the inspection system would measure the lead length for 10 sample units of SOT89 package by three diffrent operators from different shifts. The result shows that the value og GR&R is 0.037 (25.51%) which is consider within the acceptable range of less than 30% and hence the vision inspection system is fit to release to production use.
performance of the equipment is through the gauge repeatability and reproducibily (GR&R). This study focuses on the back-end process in integrated chip (IC) semiconductor industry that involves lead and marking inspection of the chip using our inhouse developed vision system. The inspection is performed after the unit has passed the functionality test. The inspection parameters include marking defects, package defects and lead defects. Out of these three defects, we focused on the lead length defect in which the inspection system would measure the lead length for 10 sample units of SOT89 package by three diffrent operators from different shifts. The result shows that the value og GR&R is 0.037 (25.51%) which is consider within the acceptable range of less than 30% and hence the vision inspection system is fit to release to production use.
Paper ID 43 | |
File Size: | 412 kb |
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ANALYSIS OF COMFORTABLE ASPECT IN DESIGNING A LUMBAR SUPPORT IN CLEAN ROOM AEROCOMPOSITE INDUSTRY
In this paper, the reasearch focus on workers working in the cleanroom manufacturing composite layup. Cleanroom is a workplace facility that utilized as part of specialized industrial production or research that manufacture product that sensitive with normal environment. This room could control the and maintain the level of particulates such as dust, airbone organisms and vaporized particles. However, working posture done by the workers here are critical in ergonomics point of view due to major factors includes the mould design, time cycle and less of techonology facilities. Based on survey conducted and previous research, lumbar support is a reliable intervention tool in reducing and avoid back pain issues in composite layup workers. Though, the design and material of current lumbar support available in many choices and how it works in term of comfortability for users are untill doubtful. Here, the comfortablilty ascpect being analysed and validated using two method which are voice of customer (VOC) and thermal analysis (TA).
Paper ID 44 | |
File Size: | 814 kb |
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ENHANCEMENT OF POLY(ETHYLENE-CO-VINYL ACETATE) TENSILE STRENGTH BY INCLUSION OF PRE-DISPERSED O-MMT AND DESTABILIZED BENTONITE AS HYBRID NANOFILLERS
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)(PEVA) is a copolymer derived from the synthesis of ethylene (hydrophobic) and vinyl acetate (hydrophilic) monomers. In this research, PEVA copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate content was used as matrix and incorporated with organo-montmorillonite and bentonite as hybrid nanofillers in ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4. Before undergo the melt compounding process, an optimization procedure of pre-dispersing (O-MMT) and destabilizing(bentonite) were applied to enhance the exfoliation and dispersion of hybrid nanofillers in PEVA copolymer matrix. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done to analyze the structure of nanofillers, neat PEVA, PEVA nanocomposites and PEVA hybrid nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of all the samples were evaluated by conducting tensile test. Based on the result achieved, the enhancement in tensile strength obtained when PEVA matrix incorporated with hybrid nanofillers in a ratio of 4:1 (O-MMT:Bentonite). This might be due to an adequate content of hydrophobic (O-MMT) and hydrophilic (bentonite) that brings optimum matrix-nanofiller interactions.
Paper ID 45 | |
File Size: | 744 kb |
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PREPARATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE FROM FISH BONE BY HEAT TREATMENT
Calcium phosphate (CP) is one of the biomaterials which is widely used in various fields for multiple biomedical and clinical application. In this study calcium phosphate (CP) was synthesized from the fish bones collected from the local area. The synthesizing process of CP was done via simple heat treatment by calcination at different temperature ranging from 600 °C to 1000 °C. XRD analysis shows that the major phase was HA in all powders. Moreover, the intensity of HA powder obtained by treated by calcination at various temperature was increased as the temperature increased. However, as the temperature was increased more than 800°C, the HA peaks become less intense and broader as HA might transform to other phase; tri-calcium phosphate. SEM reveals that the HA powders were formed by agglomeration of small particles.
Paper ID 46 | |
File Size: | 960 kb |
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EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT THROUGH WASTEWATER LADEN HEAVY METAL IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW ON BATIK INDUSTRY
Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most essential issues to consider in economic development. Existing metal ion in the solution at certain concentration can give detrimental health effect. Management of wastewater in industrial become significantly from influent until effluent discharge before release in order to preserve the environment. This paper reviews the current environmental issues produces from rapidly growing Batik’s Industry. This effluent pollutions include wax, resin, heavy metal and dyes since it utilize a lot of chemicals product. From literature survey, it is evident that environmental threat from heavy metal discharge of Batik’s Industry become frequently studied in persistence the environment for sustainable to the next generation.
Paper ID 49 | |
File Size: | 712 kb |
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INCLINATION PROJECTION SETUP FOR WEAR AND TEAR DRILL BIT MONITORING SYSTEM
This research presents a monitoring system for composite drilling that inspect the condition of the drill bit using a digital microscope camera with a computer system that implies image processing method for flank wear detection. The aims is to provide a new system by introducing a new camera view angle that can detect wear or changes in the drill bit geometry specifically, flank region in order to determine the tool life span. The camera view angle is determined based on the principle of illumination and decided to be at 45 degree view angle. Then, the images taken undergo image pre-processing and further analyse to detect wear by image fusion method. During the image pre-processing, the true colour image is converted into binary images and canny edge detector is applied to detect the flank boundary. Morphological operators such as dilation, flood fill, closing, and erosion is then applied to reconstruct the flank region to make sure it is approximately the same shape as the actual flank region. Finally, the reference image and the wear drill bit image are fuse together using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) method and the wear percentage is calculated.
Paper ID 50 | |
File Size: | 847 kb |
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PORTABLE WATER FLOW NETWORK SYSTEM FOR CONTAMINATED WATER DETECTION USING SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
A real-time monitoring of heavy metals in water environment is crucial nowadays because it is the biggest contributor to water pollution and leads to many diseases to humans. In contrast with organic pollutants, heavy metals cannot be biologically or chemically degraded at all, and thus may either accumulate locally or be transported over long distances. The wastewater discharge from Batik industries became a significant issue on the sustainability of the environment for the next generation. This study proposes the development of instrument device to real-time monitoring heavy metal using an electroanalytical technique. This project introduced mathematical algorithm to represent the existing metal concentration in the solution based on statistical analysis from the data collection using laboratory control sample. In order to ensure the result more robust, the others significant parameter such as temperature and pH were considered during mathematical formulation development. For field work application, the effect of viscosity, pressure drop and condition of pipe for steady flow. The flow changes affect the measurement sensor reading due to the turbulent flow. However, the flow change inside pipe network can change the physical disturbance that can lead to inaccuracy of data measurement.
Paper ID 51 | |
File Size: | 939 kb |
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A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE USE OF AN AGRICULTURAL ERGONOMICS RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS
This article reports on a systematic literature review. It aims to study the overview of an ergonomics risk assessment tools among agricultural harvesters. Musculoskeletal disorders are a common significant health problem in many countries worldwide. There are many reports in an ergonomics field that indicated that the size of this problem was likely increased too high and it was also found out that it directly resulted in inefficient work. The agricultural industry is still a dangerous and harvesters around the world still have a high risk of an injury work-related ergonomics risk factors. Especially, working postures itself is not common and a threat to health from work that affects the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. There are several factors associated such as repetitive motion, excessive force, lifting, movement, and prolonged sitting or standing. This article aims to study common assessment tools such as RULA, REBA, QEC, AWBA which are currently used as ergonomics risk assessment tools. The articles focused in this study are published in the English language only in 2001 to 2018 including the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. The selected articles are related to agricultural work. The result was that the current an ergonomics risk assessment tools are of various type. Information about an agricultural ergonomics risk assessment tools need to be collected and analyzed in a more systematic way in order to contribute for a deeper understanding.
Paper ID 53 | |
File Size: | 444 kb |
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THE ERGONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF RUBBER INDUSTRY BY USING ERGONOMIC CHECKPOINTS: A CASE STUDY IN THAILAND AND INDONESIA
Thailand and indonesia are the world leader in rubber production and export. The aim of this study was to evaluate the problems of ergonomics and human factors in rubber Manufacturing Company with emphasis on understanding the importance of improving safety, health, and work condition. Data was collected from 4 rubber factories. The 2 rubber factories are form indonesia and others from thailand. Based on the analysis of participants’ feedbacks on the implementation work ergonomics environtmental it found that sometime in all factory have same problems likes the operator did not use personal protective equipment, did not have evacuation route, etc.
Paper ID 54 | |
File Size: | 777 kb |
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